Allergies in dogs vary, but the most common symptoms are skin, digestive, and respiratory problems. Currently, about 20% of the dog population suffers from allergies. They can appear at various points in life. How to understand them and when to be alert?
1. Itching and scratching (Pruritus)
- One of the most common signs of allergy is excessive itching, leading to intense scratching, biting, or licking of various body parts. Affected areas may include paws, face, ears, abdomen, or armpits.
- It can also be increasingly flea bite allergy, where the area around the base of the tail itches and oozes. In such a case, it is necessary to use antiparasitics to ensure that the flea does not bite the dog at all! (Tablets are not enough).
2. Redness and skin inflammation (Dermatitis)
- Skin redness, inflammation, or rash are common manifestations of skin allergies, mainly as a secondary consequence of the dog constantly scratching and spreading bacteria into the skin. Wet lesions or scabs may also form. In long-term problems, the skin may thicken or darken.
3. Hair loss
- Due to intense scratching and biting, the dog may lose hair in the affected areas, leading to bald spots.
4. Ear infections (Otitis)
- Ear infections are a common sign of food allergies in dogs. They manifest as itchy ears, redness, odor, and excessive wax production. The dog may shake its head or scratch its ears.
5. Licking and biting paws
- This is the primary sign that the dog is suffering from a food allergy or intolerance. Excessive licking and biting of paws, red interdigital spaces, blisters. Along with it, a yeast infection in the fur may also develop. The fur on the paws may turn brownish due to saliva, which is a sign of chronic licking.
6. Digestive problems
- In this case, rather food intolerance can cause digestive problems such as diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, or abdominal pain (most common reaction to milk). Some dogs may have chronic bowel problems, such as frequent loose stools.
- If left untreated, it can progress to chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, pancreatic problems, or poor liver function.
7. Excessive licking of the abdomen
- Some dogs react to allergens by licking their abdomen and genital area. This can lead to irritation or inflammation of the skin.
8. Swelling of the face or limb
- In some cases, for example, with an allergic reaction to an insect sting, swelling of the face, lips, or paws may occur. Such manifestations require rapid veterinary care to prevent anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest.
Most common allergens
Causes of allergies in dogs:
- Food allergies: These can be caused by various dietary components, such as proteins (chicken, beef, eggs), dairy products, or grains.
- Atopic dermatitis: This is an allergy to inhaled substances such as pollen, mites, or mold.
- Parasite allergies: As mentioned above, flea bite allergy is very common and can cause severe itching and irritation.
- Contact allergies: The dog may be allergic to certain materials or chemical substances, such as cleaning products, cosmetics, or certain types of grass.
How to treat allergies in dogs?
If you suspect an allergy in your dog, consult a veterinarian. They should perform skin scrapes and other tests. However, food allergies are difficult to diagnose, the best method is an elimination diet – that is, eliminating a certain type of protein/food from the diet for at least 3 months.
For dogs with protein allergies in their diet, single-protein foods are the safest option. Don't forget about treats! For example, those made from insect protein are popular and safe.
To relieve itching, veterinarians usually prescribe medication, but these have side effects and burden the liver, so it is worth considering how much they are needed. Often, even just a regular bath for sensitive skin and fur can bring relief.
Also, don't forget suitable antiparasitics.
LIST OF SPECIALISTS e.g.:
MvDr. RYBNÍČEK - BRNO JAGGY
Lectured by MVDr. Tomáš Hanzálek - Hradec Králové
